The most used materials in today’s general practice are burs, bonding agents, and composites for direct restorations. The evolution of this group of materials, in particular, is amazing. Today’s light cure resins are light years ahead of the materials that we thought were great 20 years ago. The evolution of materials includes base or lining materials when the proximity to the pulp requires some form of pulpal protection. Calcium has been proven to be a critical adjunct to the armamentarium of all general dentists performing routine decay excavation and tooth restoration. This course is designed for the busy dentist who wants to stay current with the available materials and concepts of efficient placement of tooth-colored restorations. We will discuss what matters most in pulpal protection material selection, depending upon location and occlusal load put on the restoration. Reduction and elimination of post-operative sensitivity will be addressed.